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Load control of the N54 engine is effected by means of the throttle valve and
the waste gate valves.
The throttle valve is the primary component in this process. The wastegate
valves are actuated to bring about a
fine tuning of the boost pressure. At full load the throttle valve is completely
op
The movement of the nozzle needle in the injector is generated no longer by a
solenoid coil but rather by a
piezo-element.
A piezo-element is an electromechanical converter, i.e. it consists of a ceramic
material which converts electrical energy directly into mechanical energy
(force/travel).