FREON
The refrigerant Freon R12 is used in most BMW automobiles with an air
conditioner up through the 1992
model year. It has a boiling point of - 29.8ºC (sea level), at which the
refrigerant is t
OIL USED IN FREON-CHARGED SYSTEMS
A mineral-based oil is used. The oil level in the compressor must be checked
before filling an air conditioner
with refrigerant. It can be checked only if the system
A musty odor may be detected in the vehicle, particularly when the air
conditioner is first switched on.
This is caused by microorganisms growing on the evaporator from moisture
condensation.
A di
The movement of the nozzle needle in the injector is generated no longer by a
solenoid coil but rather by a
piezo-element.
A piezo-element is an electromechanical converter, i.e. it consists of a ceramic
material which converts electrical energy directly into mechanical energy
(force/travel).
Special tools required:
11 9 470
11 9 473
(cylinder bank 1 to 4)
Necessary preliminary tasks:
Removal of rocker arms is described separately from installation.
Remove servomotor for right eccentric shaft.
Remove ignition coils on cylinder bank 1 to 4.
Remove right cylinder head cover.
Re